Objective To analyze the effect telescopic crown implant-supported overdenture and Locator implant-supported overdenture on the restoration aesthetics effect and masticatory efficiency of patients with maxillary edentulous jaw. Methods A total of 100 patients with maxillary edentulous jaw admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shoute Taikang Hospital from June 2022 to June 2024 were selected and divided into telescopic crown group and the Locator group by the random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. The telescopic crown group was restored with telescopic crown implant-supported overdenture, and the Locator group was restored with Locator implant-supported overdenture. The aesthetics effect, plaque index, implant depth, marginal bone resorption and masticatory efficiency were compared between the two groups. Results The aesthetics effect in the Locator group was better than that in the telescopic crown group (P <0.05). After treatment, the plaque index in the Locator group was lower than that in the telescopic crown group, the implant depth was greater than that in the telescopic crown group, and the marginal bone resorption was less than that in the telescopic crown group (P <0.05). After treatment, the masticatory efficiency in the two groups was higher than that before treatment, and the masticatory efficiency in the Locator group was higher than that in the telescopic crown group (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with the telescopic crown implant-supported overdenture, Locator implant-supported overdenture can effectively improve the aesthetics effect and masticatory efficiency of maxillary edentulous jaw restoration, reduce the accumulation of plaque around implant and the marginal bone resorption of implant, and deepen the implant depth.