Objective To compare the effects of implant restoration and fixed bridge restoration in the treatment of dentition defect. Methods A total of 78 patients with dentition defect admitted to Ningjin People's Hospital from April 2023 to April 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into control group and study group according to the lottery grouping method, with 39 patients in each group. The control group was treated with fixed bridge restoration, and the study group was treated with implant restoration. The restoration effect, oral function and adverse risk events were compared between the two groups. Results The total restoration efficiency rate in the study group (97.44%) was higher than that in the control group (76.92%) (P <0.05). The scores of masticatory function, retention function, linguistic function, aesthetics and comfort in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse risk events in the study group (2.56%) was lower than that in the control group (17.95%) (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with fixed bridge restoration treatment, oral implant restoration treatment can more effectively improve the disease symptoms of patients with dentition defect, enhance the masticatory function, and reduce the incidence of adverse risk events.