Objective To analyze the effect of dental implant restoration on oral function and periodontal condition of patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 86 patients with dentition defect admitted to our hospital from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into control group and study group by the random number table method, with 43 patients in each group. The control group was restored with traditional denture, and the study group was restored with dental implant. The clinical efficacy, oral function, periodontal condition and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the study group was 95.35%, which was higher than 81.40% in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of masticatory function, retention function, linguistic function, aesthetics and comfort in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The plaque index, periodontal probing depth, sulcus bleeding index and gingival index in the study group were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was 2.33%, which was lower than 18.60% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Dental implant restoration can effectively improve the oral function of patients with dentition defect, improve their dental aesthetics and comfort, and has higher safety.