Objective To analyze the effect of relaxation and incentive nursing model on postoperative anxiety and pain level in patients undergoing aesthetic plastic surgery. Methods A total of 100 patients undergoing aesthetic plastic surgery admitted to Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 50 patients in each group. The control group was given conventional nursing, and the observation group was given relaxation and incentive nursing model. The anxiety, pain level, post-traumatic stress disorder condition, hope level and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results After nursing, the SAS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group at the 1st, 5th and 10th day after treatment (P<0.05). The scores of subjective evaluation, recurrent reoccurring experience, avoidance symptom, hypervigilance and impaired social function in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of positive attitude, affirmative active and intimate relationship in the observation group were all were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The nursing satisfaction in the observation group (98.00%) was higher than that in the control group (86.00%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The implementation of relaxation and incentive nursing model in patients after aesthetic plastic surgery can alleviate their anxiety and pain level, increase their hope level, improve the post-traumatic stress disorder condition, and contribute to the improvement of nursing satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical application.