Objective To investigate the effect of oral implant restoration on denture function in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 202 patients with dentition defect admitted to the Department of Prosthodontics, Huangpu District Dental Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method, with 101 patients in each group. The control group received conventional restoration, and the observation group received oral implant restoration. The restoration effect, denture function and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group (99.01%) was higher than that in the control group (93.07%) (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of masticatory function, language function and fixation function in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (0.99%) was lower than that in the control group (7.92%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of oral implant restoration in patients with dentition defect can effectively improve the denture function, which is conducive to improving the overall restoration effect. Moreover, the incidence of complications after restoration is low, indicating higher application safety.