Objective To explore the treatment effect of oral dental implant restoration in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 102 patients with dentition defect admitted to Holly Dental Clinic from January 2017 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into the conventional group and the observation group according to the random number table method, with 51 patients in each group. The conventional group was treated with conventional restoration technology, and the observation group was treated with oral dental implant restoration. The clinical efficacy, oral functions (language function, masticatory function), implant gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory factor levels and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate in the observation group (98.04%) was higher than that in the conventional group (84.31%) (P <0.05). The scores of language function and masticatory function in the observation group were higher than those in the conventional group (P <0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8 and interferon-γ in the observation group at 3 months after surgery were lower than those in the conventional group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (5.88%) was lower than that in the conventional group (21.57%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The oral dental implant restoration technology can improve the clinical efficacy of patients with dentition defect, restore the oral function, inhibit the inflammatory factors in implant gingival crevicular fluid, and reduce the risk of complications.