Objective To explore the effect of oral implant restoration treatment on dental function and dental aesthetic degree in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 60 patients with dentition defect admitted to the Department of Stomatology, the People's Hospital of Meitan from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received conventional oral restoration treatment, and the observation group received oral implant restoration treatment. The dental function, periodontal status and dental aesthetic degree were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of aesthetic function, comfort function, masticatory function, language function and retention function in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the PD, PBI and PI in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the score of PES in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Oral implant restoration treatment can effectively improve the dental function of patients with dentition defect, and it is beneficial to improving their dental aesthetic degree. The overall restoration effect is definite, which is worthy of clinical application.