Objective To analyze the clinical effect of autologous adipose-derived stem cell transplantation technology in patients undergoing aesthetic plastic surgery for perioral and lower facial rejuvenation. Methods A total of 62 patients who underwent aesthetic plastic surgery for perioral and lower facial rejuvenation in the Medical Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery Hospital, Xi’an People’s Hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 31 patients in each group. The control group was treated with hyaluronic acid injection, and the experimental group was treated with autologous adipose-derived stem cell transplantation technology. The severity of facial aging wrinkles, clinical efficacy, adverse reactions and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 96.77%, which was higher than 80.65% in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 6.45%, which was lower than 25.81% in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of all dimensions of the perioral and lower facial aging wrinkles in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and those in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of all dimensions of SF-36 in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and those in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of autologous adipose-derived stem cell transplantation technology treatment in patients undergoing aesthetic plastic surgery for perioral and lower facial rejuvenation can improve the facial aging condition, enhance its rejuvenation effect, and improve the quality of life, moreover, it has higher safety.