Objective To analyze the effect of nursing intervention based on health behavior process on the periodontal health indexes and dental aesthetic effect of patients with immediate implantation for traumatic tooth loss. Methods A total of 100 patients with immediate implantation for traumatic tooth loss admitted to our hospital from May 2023 to May 2024 were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. The control group received conventional nursing intervention, and the observation group received nursing intervention based on health behavior process. The periodontal health indexes, dental aesthetic effect, nursing effect, masticatory function and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The periodontal pocket depth, gingival index and plaque index in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of tooth color matching, morphological contour and gloss texture in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The total effective rate of nursing in the observation group was 98.00%, which was higher than 86.00% in the control group (P <0.05). The masticatory efficiency and occlusal force score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 0, which was lower than 10.00% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The nursing intervention based on health behavior process can effectively improve the periodontal health indexes and dental aesthetic effect of patients with immediate implantation for traumatic tooth loss. It can enhance the nursing effect, improve the masticatory function, and help to reduce the incidence of complications, which is worthy of clinical application.