Objective To investigate the effect of four-handed operation nursing on masticatory function and dental aesthetics in patients with minimally invasive aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 62 patients who underwent minimally invasive aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth in our hospital from July 2022 to July 2023 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 31 patients in each group. The control group was given conventional nursing, and the observation group was given fourhanded operation nursing. The masticatory function, dental aesthetics, restoration effect, quality of life and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of anterior teeth occlusion and masticatory function in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). The anterior teeth coverage, periodontal pocket depth and alveolar bone height in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). After intervention, the scores of color matching, marginal coloring, surface smoothness and sensitivity in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). After intervention, all the scores of quality of life in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group (6.45%) was lower than that in the control group (25.81%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of four-handed operation nursing in minimally invasive aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth can effectively improve the masticatory function and dental aesthetics of patients, which is conducive to improving the restoration effect. The quality of life of patients after restoration is improved, and the incidence of adverse reactions is low, indicating higher application effectiveness and safety.