Objective To analyze the effect of continuous nursing based on Peplau's interpersonal relationship on oral health status and aesthetic satisfaction in patients with dentition defect undergoing immediate implant restoration. Methods A total of 100 patients with dentition defect undergoing immediate implant restoration admitted to Hefei Stomatological Hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. The control group received conventional nursing, and the observation group received continuous nursing based on Peplau's interpersonal relationship. The oral health status, implant restoration effect, aesthetic effect, psychological state and aesthetic satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results After nursing, the OHIP-14 score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The total effective rate of restoration in the observation group (98.00%) was higher than that in the control group (86.00%), and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). After nursing, the scores of PES and WES in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). After nursing, the scores of SAS and SDS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The aesthetic satisfaction rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Continuous nursing based on Peplau's interpersonal relationship can improve the oral health status of patients with dentition defect undergoing immediate implant restoration, enhance the restoration effect, aesthetic effect and aesthetic satisfaction, and reduce the negative emotions of patients, which is worthy of clinical application.