Oral and maxillofacial regions are extremely important areas. If the defects in these regions cannot be repaired in a timely manner, it will not only have an adverse impact on functions such as language, mastication and swallowing, but also cause psychological problems due to disfigurement. Free soft tissue flap repair, as one of the main methods for restoring maxillofacial defects in patients, aims to repair maxillofacial defects caused by various reasons, restore their related functions, and improve the aesthetics of the maxillofacial region. Tumor markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma are an important basis for its early diagnosis. Early diagnosis can prevent the tumor from further invading surrounding tissues, reduce the scope of surgical resection, and decrease the range of maxillofacial defects in patients. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress on the repair of maxillofacial defects after oral squamous cell carcinoma surgery and new tumor markers, aiming to better understand the application of different soft tissue flap surgeries in radical resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and the relationship between new tumor markers and oral squamous cell carcinoma, so as to provide clinical ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.