Jaw defects caused by various diseases can lead to aesthetic and functional complications, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The current treatment methods can not fully meet the needs of jaw defect reconstruction. Therefore, the research and application of bone tissue engineering have become a hot topic. Angiogenesis is crucial for bone formation. Blood vessels not only provide nutrients, transport oxygen, growth factors and metabolic waste for bone tissues, but also regulate various stages of angiogenesis and bone formation through vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin, etc. This article reviews the clinical application and challenges of bone tissue engineering, the construction of vascularized tissue engineered bone, and the application of vascularized tissue engineered bone in oral and maxillofacial bone defect, in order to provide a reference value for the repair of oral and maxillofacial bone defect.