Fixed orthodontic treatment achieves orthodontics by wearing fixed orthodontic appliances and has a definite curative effect. However, various complications are likely to occur during the correction process, and enamel demineralization is one of the common types. Clinically, enamel demineralization often manifests as chalky white patches on the tooth surface. If not intervened in a timely manner, it can develop into dental caries with the progression of the disease, thus having a negative impact on the oral health of patients and the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the prevention and treatment of enamel demineralization. With the continuous progress of medical technology, clinical research on enamel demineralization has been deepening. Based on this, this article reviews the research progress on the impact, prevention and treatment of enamel demineralization in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, aiming to provide a reference for clinicians in the prevention and treatment of enamel demineralization.