Objective To analyze the effect of micro-screw implant anchorage on dental and maxillary measurement indexes and masticatory function in orthodontics patients. Methods A total of 60 orthodontics patients admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received orthodontics treatment with extraoral arch strong anchorage, and the observation group received orthodontics treatment with micro-screw implant anchorage. The dental and maxillary measurement indexes, masticatory function, aesthetic effect and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The molar displacement, upper central incisor protrusion distance difference and upper central incisor inclination angle difference in the observation group were all better than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the masticatory efficiency and occlusal force in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of PES and WES in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (6.67%) was lower than that in the control group (26.67%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of micro-screw implant anchorage in orthodontics patients has an ideal orthodontic effect, which can effectively improve the dental and maxillary measurement indexes and masticatory function of patients, and ensure the aesthetic effect. The incidence of complications after orthodontics treatment is low, and the application value is accurate.