Objective To compare the application effects of bracketless invisible orthodontic treatment and fixed orthodontic treatment technique in orthodontics and its effect on orthodontic treatment effect, dental aesthetics and complications of patients. Methods A total of 88 orthodontics patients admitted to Nanchong Central Hospital from May 2020 to May 2021 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 44 patients in each group. The control group was treated with fixed orthodontic treatment technique, and the observation group was treated with bracketless invisible orthodontic treatment technique. The orthodontic treatment effect, dental aesthetics, masticatory function and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of orthodontic treatment in the observation group was 93.18%, which was higher than 72.73% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of dental appearance and dental alignment in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). After treatment, the maximum occlusal force and occlusal rate in the observation group were better than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 9.09%, which was lower than 29.55% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of bracketless invisible orthodontic treatment technique in orthodontics can improve the orthodontic treatment effect, enhance the dental appearance and alignment, reduce complications, and improve the masticatory function, which is worthy of clinical application.