Objective To analyze the effect of ultrasound treatment on quality of life and skin tissue recovery condition in patients undergoing skin cosmetology and anti-aging. Methods A total of 64 patients undergoing cosmetology and anti-aging admitted to our hospital from January to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 32 patients in each group. The control group was given gold microneedle radiofrequency treatment, and the observation group was given ultrasound treatment. The skin tissue recovery condition, quality of life and adverse reaction rate were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of skin aesthetics, glossiness, tightness and elasticity in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of each dimension of the quality of life in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group (6.25%) was lower than that in the control group (25.00%) (P <0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound treatment can improve the skin elasticity, glossiness, tightness and other skin tissue conditions of patients. At the same time, it also reduces the incidence of adverse reactions and enhances the patient's quality of life.