Objective To analyze the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with fractional therapy in the treatment of patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Methods A total of 96 patients with AGA admitted to the Air Force Hospital of the Eastern Theater Command from January to December 2023 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group according to different treatment methods, with 48 patients in each group. Both groups received conventional treatment. The control group received PRP treatment, and the observation group received fractional therapy on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, trichoscopy indexes and serological indexes were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate in the observation group (93.75%) was higher than that in the control group (62.50%) (P <0.05). After treatment, the hair follicle density and hair density in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and the hair smoothening rate was lower than that before treatment. Moreover, the hair follicle density and hair density in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the hair smoothening rate was lower than that in the control group after treatment (P <0.05). After treatment, the level of TGF-β1 in the two groups was lower than that before treatment, and the level of VEGF was higher than that before treatment. Additionally, the level of TGF-β1 in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the level of VEGF was higher than that in the control group after treatment (P <0.05). Conclusion On the basis of PRP treatment, the effect of fractional therapy on AGA patients is definite. It can promote hair growth and effectively improve clinical symptoms such as greasy scalp, hair loss, itching and dandruff, increase the hair follicle density and hair density of patients, reduce the hair smoothening rate, and improve the levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF, which is worthy of clinical application.