Objective To explore the application effect of light-cured composite resin in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 60 patients who underwent aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth in the Qianxinan Autonomous Prefecture Hospital of TCM from January 2022 to August 2024 were selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth with traditional dental porcelain, and the observation group received aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth with light-cured composite resin. The dental aesthetics, health status of periodontal tissues, complications and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of surface smoothness, color matching and tooth morphology in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The GI, PLI and AL in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 3.33%, which was lower than 20.00% in the control group (P <0.05). The dental restoration aesthetics satisfaction rate in the observation group was 96.67%, which was higher than 86.67% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Light-cured composite resin can improve the dental aesthetics of patients undergoing aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth, improve the health status of periodontal tissues, reduce the incidence of complications, with higher dental restoration aesthetics satisfaction.