Objective To analyze the effect of modified bone splitting technique combined with guided bone regeneration technique in implant restoration for alveolar bone defect and its influence on aesthetic effect and bone resorption. Methods According to the random number table method, 56 patients with alveolar bone defect admitted to Cangzhou Nandagang Hospital from August 2022 to August 2023 were divided into control group (28 patients) and observation group (28 patients). The control group was given guided bone regeneration treatment, and the observation group was combined with modified bone splitting technique on the basis of the control group. The aesthetic effect, bone resorption amount, bone wall thickness of alveolar bone at implant site and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the scores of PES and WES in the observation group were higher at half a year after operation (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the bone absorption of the distal edge and the proximal edge in the observation group was lower (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the thickness of alveolar bone wall in the observation group was thicker at half a year after operation (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the satisfaction scores of chewing function, color, attachment height of surrounding soft tissue, overall aesthetics and alveolar bone fullness in the observation group were higher (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of modified bone splitting technique combined with guided bone regeneration technique in the treatment of patients with alveolar bone defect can effectively reduce the amount of bone resorption of patients, increase the bone wall thickness of alveolar bone at implant site, optimize the aesthetic effect, and thus improve the patient satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical application.