Objective To explore the clinical effect of fixed denture and removable denture in the restoration of dentition defect and its influence on aesthetics. Methods A total of 107 patients with dentition defect admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Xianning Central Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group (n =54) and the observation group (n =53). The control group was treated with fixed denture, and the observation group was treated with fixed denture combined with removable denture. The clinical efficacy, aesthetics, quality of life, dental function and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The marked effective rate and total effective rate in the observation group were 86.79% and 96.23%, respectively, which were higher than 62.96% and 83.33% in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The aesthetics score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After restoration, the score of OHIP in the two groups was lower than that before restoration, and that in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). After restoration, the dental function score in the two groups was higher than that before restoration, and that in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (7.55%) was lower than that in the control group (20.37%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of fixed denture combined with removable denture in the restoration of dentition defect is ideal, which can improve the clinical efficacy, enhance the quality of life and dental function of patients, reduce the incidence of complications, and promote the restoration of the aesthetics.