Objective To study the effect of rehabilitation nursing guided by behavior change theory on skin lesion condition, self-efficacy and psychological state in patients with facial verruca plana. Methods A total of 86 patients with facial verruca plana who were diagnosed and treated in Liyang Skin Disease Prevention and Control Institute from April 2023 to February 2025 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the study group, with 43 patients in each group. The control group received conventional nursing, and the study group received rehabilitation nursing intervention guided by behavior change theory. The skin lesion score, self-efficacy, psychological state and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results After intervention, the skin lesion score, anxiety score and depression score in the study group were lower than those in the control group, and the self-efficacy score in the study group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). The nursing satisfaction in the study group was 97.67%, which was higher than 86.05% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Rehabilitation nursing guided by behavior change theory can improve the skin lesion condition in patients with facial verruca plana, enhance their self-efficacy, and relieve their adverse psychological state, with higher patient nursing satisfaction.