Objective To analyze the effect of light-cured composite resin on gingival index in patients undergoing oral aesthetic restoration. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent anterior teeth aesthetic restoration in the Second People's Hospital of Dongying from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the study group by the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with glass ionomer restoration, and the study group was treated with light-cured composite resin restoration. The gingival index, dental aesthetics restoration effect and adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results The gingival index of the study group at 1 and 3 months after treatment was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The tooth color score of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the dental morphology and tooth arrangement scores between the two groups (P>0.05). The total effective rate of restoration in the study group (95.00%) was higher than that in the control group (92.50%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the study group (2.50%) was lower than that in the control group (17.50%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Follow-up for 1 year, the application of light-cured composite resin in oral aesthetic restoration has a good effect. It can effectively improve the gingival index of patients, promote the gingival health, and has better durability. It is not prone to loosening, falling off, or other adverse conditions.