Objective To explore the influence of the combined application of case teaching mode and problem-based teaching on the teaching effect of aesthetic and plastic surgery. Methods: 125 cosmetic and plastic surgery interns were selected and divided into a control group (62 cases) who received the traditional teaching mode and an observation group (63 cases) who received the combined application of case teaching mode and problem-based teaching. Method: random number table method. Comparison of various indicators between the two groups. Results: The scores of all items (after teaching) were higher in the observation group (compared with the control group), P<0.05. The scores of each item of academic self-efficacy and the total score, as well as the scores of each item of learning motivation and the total score (after teaching) : both the observation group and the control group were higher (compared with before teaching), and the observation group was higher, P<0.05. Conclusion: After the combined application of case teaching mode and problem-based teaching, it has a significant impact on the teaching effect of aesthetic and plastic surgery, and is helpful to improve academic self-efficacy and enhance the level of learning motivation.