Objective To analyze the effect of dental implant on dental aesthetics and dental function in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 110 patients with dentition defect admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to September 2024 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 55 patients in each group. The control group was treated with conventional denture restoration, and the observation group was treated with dental implant oral restoration. The dental aesthetics, mental health status, dental function, periodontal status and gingival exposure were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of tooth shape, tooth color and mental health status in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of tooth function in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the periodontal probe depth, probing bleeding index and plaque index were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the gingival exposure in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of dental implant in oral restoration can effectively improve the dental aesthetics of patients with dentition defect, enhance the dental function, improve the dental status, reduce the gingival exposure, and enhance the aesthetics.