Objective To analyze the effect of oral implant restoration on periodontal function and dental aesthetics in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 100 patients with dentition defect admitted to Kuqa Shengbo Stomatological Clinic from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. The control group received conventional oral restoration, and the observation group received oral implant restoration. The periodontal function, dental aesthetics, implant accuracy and complications were compared between the two groups. Results After operation, the PLI, GI and BI in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). After operation, the scores of PES and WES in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The cervical deviation, apical deviation, depth deviation and angular deviation in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (2.00%) was lower than that in the control group (16.00%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of oral implant restoration technology in patients with dentition defect can effectively improve their periodontal function and dental aesthetics, help to improve the implant accuracy, and reduce the incidence of complications.