Skeletal malocclusion is a common type of dento-maxillofacial deformity. Patients mainly present with disharmonious dental occlusion, and some patients may be complicated with abnormal jaw structure. With the continuous development of orthodontic technology, orthodontic orthognathic treatment has gradually become an important method for treating skeletal malocclusion. This treatment mode combines orthodontics and surgical operations, which can simultaneously address the problems of irregular teeth alignment and jaw deformities, thereby effectively improving the occlusal function of patients and enhancing facial aesthetics. Based on this, this paper reviews the concept, development, clinical applications of the orthodontic orthognathic treatment mode, as well as its research progress in the treatment of skeletal class Ⅲ and class Ⅱ malocclusions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent clinical research and technological innovation.