Objective To investigate the effect of micro-implant anchorage on oral function and orthodontic effect in patients with malocclusion. Methods A total of 98 patients with malocclusion admitted to our hospital from January to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 49 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional orthodontics, and the observation group was treated with micro-implant anchorage technology. The oral function, orthodontic effect, clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The masticatory efficiency and occlusal force in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). The upper central incisors' inclination angle, upper central incisors' protrusion discrepancy and molar displacement in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 97.67%, which was higher than 85.71% in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 2.04%, which was lower than 14.29% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion For patients undergoing orthodontics treatment, micro-implant anchorage technology can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, improve masticatory function and occlusal force, and enhance orthodontic effect and total treatment efficiency.