Objective To explore the clinical effect of modified curved linear method for composite plastic surgery of labia minora and clitoral hood, and analyze its influence on female sexual function index. Methods A total of 112 patients who visited the Department of Private Cosmetic Surgery at Hangzhou Victoria Medical Cosmetology Hospital from May 2022 to May 2024 and required labia minora and clitoral hood plastic surgery were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 56 patients in each group. The control group underwent traditional plastic surgery, and the experimental group underwent composite plastic surgery of labia minora and clitoral hood using the modified curved linear method. The operative indicators, sexual function index, Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) score and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and incision healing time in the experimental group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of all dimensions and the total score of the sexual function index in the experimental group at 3 and 6 months after operation were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). The FGSIS scores of the experimental group at 3 and 6 months after surgery were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group (7.14%) was lower than that in the control group (26.79%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The modified curved linear method for composite plastic surgery of labia minora and clitoral hood has a definite clinical effect, which can optimize operative indicators, significantly improve sexual function and genital self-image, and has a low incidence of postoperative complications. It is worthy of clinical application.