Objective To analyze the effect of zirconia ceramic material on oral health status, masticatory function and dental aesthetics in patients undergoing oral restoration. Methods A total of 50 patients who underwent oral restoration in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 25 patients in each group. The control group received porcelain restoration, and the observation group received zirconia ceramic material restoration. The oral health status, masticatory function, dental aesthetics and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of masticatory dysfunction, pain, speech limitation and other symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the masticatory efficiency and retention force in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of WES and PES in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of all dimensions and the total score of quality of life in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of zirconia ceramic material in oral restoration can effectively improve patients' oral health status, enhance dental aesthetics, accelerate the recovery of masticatory function, and further improve the quality of life.