In postgraduate education for stomatology (oral medicine), the training objectives for professional degree and academic degree postgraduates are fundamentally distinct. However, the current training system suffers from a problem of "uniformity," manifested specifically in the insufficient clinical reasoning and practical skills of professional degree postgraduates and the weak translational research capabilities of academic degree postgraduates. Focusing on academic degree postgraduates in stomatology, and aligning with the latest national policy directives such as "Integration of Medical Education and Healthcare" and "Healthy China 2030," this paper analyzes the pain points of the current training model. It proposes a collaborative training pathway centered on mentor teams. By clarifying the functional positioning of "medical practice, education, and research" within the training of academic degree postgraduates and strengthening training in scientific thinking and translational capabilities, while contrasting these with the focus on clinical competency development for professional degree postgraduates, the paper ultimately aims to construct a differentiated, high-quality postgraduate training system for stomatology. This provides practical insights for the stratified cultivation of oral healthcare professionals.