Objective To investigate the effect of UST microneedle lateral positioning encryption technology on hair aesthetics in hair transplantation patients. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent hair transplantation at Xi'an Weiyang Xinshenghe Medical Cosmetic Clinic from July 2021 to February 2023 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received conventional hair transplantation technology, and the observation group received UST microneedle lateral positioning encryption technology.The hair aesthetics, clinical efficacy and hair improvement were compared between the two groups. Results The hair aesthetics score in the observation group after treatment was (77.82±4.53)scores, which was higher than (66.13±4.07)scores in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 97.50%, which was higher than 82.50% in the control group (P<0.05). The hair follicle loss rate in the observation group was 2.50%, which was lower than 15.00% in the control group (P<0.05). The normal hair density rate in the observation group was 95.00%, which was higher than 75.00% in the control group (P<0.05). The hair naturalness score in the observation group was (1.23±0.24)scores, which was lower than (1.77±0.35)scores in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of UST microneedle lateral positioning encryption technology in patients undergoing hair transplantation can achieve more ideal hair transplantation effect, significantly reduce the hair follicle loss rate, and effectively improve hair density, hair naturalness and hair aesthetics, which is worthy of clinical application.