Objective: To explore the long-term effect comparison between nanocomposite resin and all-ceramic materials in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Method: A total of 102 patients undergoing aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth from January 2024 to January 2025 were selected as the subjects and divided into Group B and Group A, with 51 cases in each group, according to different restoration materials. Group B was repaired with nano-composite resin, while group A was repaired with all-ceramic materials. The effects of the patients in both groups were evaluated 12 months after the repair. The repair effects, aesthetic restorations and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Result: After restoration, the scores of normal occlusal function, edge adaptability, tooth color, appearance fit and tooth shape in group A were higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). After restoration, the levels of distal and middle gingival papillae, proximal and middle gingival papillae, labial gingival margin, alveolar process shape, soft tissue morphology, color and texture in group A were higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both nanocomposite resin and all-ceramic materials can achieve good results in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. The restoration with all-ceramic materials is conducive to improving the long-term restoration effect and aesthetics. Patients should choose the appropriate restoration materials according to their own conditions.