Objective To explore the improvement effect of oral implant restoration on dental aesthetics in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 76 patients with dentition defect admitted to Chenggu County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group according to different repair schemes, with 38 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional restoration, and the observation group was treated with oral implant restoration. The dental aesthetics, oral health, treatment satisfaction, service life of implant restorations and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of tooth morphology and tooth color in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of each dimension of OHIP-14 in the observation group after treatment were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of each dimension of treatment satisfaction in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The average service life of implant restorations in the observation group was (1.85±0.32)years, which was longer than (1.37±0.41)years in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 2.63%, which was lower than 15.79% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of dentition defect, oral implant restoration can improve dental aesthetics and oral health, reduce the incidence of complications, prolong the service life of restorations, and patients' satisfaction with treatment is high.