Objective To investigate the effect of light-curing composite resin in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth and its influence on periodontal indicators and tooth morphology. Methods A total of 102 patients with aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth admitted to our hospital from October 2023 to January 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the reference group and the experimental group by the random number table method, with 51 patients in each group. The reference group was treated with traditional all-ceramic crown restoration, and the experimental group was treated with light-curing composite resin restoration. The periodontal related indicators, tooth morphology, clinical efficacy and adverse reaction rate were compared between the two groups. Results The SBI, PLI, GI and PD in the experimental group after treatment were lower than those in the reference group (P <0.05). The proportions of staining grade A, marginal adaptation grade A and restoration integrity grade A in the experimental group were higher than those in the reference group (P <0.05). The total effective rate of the experimental group (98.04%) was higher than that of the reference group (86.27%) (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group (3.92%) was lower t han that in the reference group (19.61%) ( P <0.05). Conclusion The clinical effect of light-curing composite resin in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth is good, which can effectively improve dental function and periodontal indicators, repair tooth morphology, and has high safety.