Objective To explore the effect of orthodontic camouflage treatment on dental aesthetics in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion. Methods A total of 60 patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion treated in our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received non-camouflage treatment, and the observation group received orthodontic camouflage treatment.The periodontal health indicators, hard and soft tissue indicators, and dental aesthetics were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of PLI and SBI in the observation group were (1.59±0.20)scores and (0.98±0.28)scores, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group [(2.56±0.26)scores and (1.56±0.32)scores], and the WKG was (5.05±1.26)mm, which was higher than that in the control group [(3.57±1.09)mm] (P <0.05). The Z-angle, H-angle, SNA and SNB in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the LL-Sn-Pogs was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). The PES and WES dental aesthetics scores in the observation group were (10.02±1.36) scores and (8.39±1.58)scores, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group [(6.08±1.89)scores and (7.05±1.15) scores] (P <0.05). Conclusion Orthodontic camouflage treatment for skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion can effectively improve patients' periodontal health, optimize soft tissue morphology, promote hard tissue remodeling, and ultimately achieve an overall improvement in dental aesthetics.