Objective To explore the effect of periodontal basic treatment combined with plastic resection on oral wound healing in patients with epulis. Methods A total of 84 patients with epulis treated in the Department of Stomatology, Liaoyuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January to October 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group (conventional surgery) and the observation group (plastic resection) by the random number table method. The treatment effect, keratinized gingival width, gingival recession, wound healing effect, levels of inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid, complication rate and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Results The effective rate of treatment in the observation group (100.00%) was higher than that in the control group (97.62%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). The KGW in the observation group after operation was higher than that in the control group, and the GR was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). The grade A healing rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in grade B and grade C healing rates between the two groups (P >0.05). The levels of inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid in the observation group after operation was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in recurrence rate between the two groups (P >0.05). Conclusion Both conventional surgery and plastic resection can achieve good curative effect in the treatment of epulis, with similar recurrence rates,but plastic resection has more advantages. It can reduce gingival tissue damage, effectively reduce the levels of inflammatory factors, improve the quality of wound healing, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications while ensuring the treatment effect.