Objective To analyze the effect of minimally invasive ultrathin veneer technology on masticatory function and dental aesthetics in patients with anterior diastema. Methods A total of 120 patients with anterior diastema admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Wuqi People's Hospital from March 2020 to March 2023 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. The control group was treated with all-ceramic veneer restoration, and the observation group was treated with minimally invasive ultrathin veneer technology. The restoration effect, masticatory function, dental aesthetics and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of restoration in the observation group (96.67%) was higher than that in the control group (80.00%) (P <0.05). The masticatory efficiency and occlusal force of the observation group at 3 and 6 months after restoration were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). All scores of dental aesthetics in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (3.33%) was lower than that in the control group (13.33%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The effect of minimally invasive ultrathin veneer technology in anterior diastema restoration is better than that of all-ceramic veneer, which can effectively improve patients' masticatory function and dental aesthetics, with a lower incidence of complications after restoration. It is worthy of clinical application.