Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and fractional laser are two important technologies in the field of dermatology. PRP is isolated from autologous whole blood by centrifugation, which is rich in various bioactive components that facilitate tissue repair. Fractional laser, based on selective photothermolysis, initiates the skin’s “damage-repair” response through controlled microthermal damage. This article introduces the technical principles of platelet-rich plasma and fractional laser, focuses on the application progress of their combination in scar repair, anti-aging and skin quality improvement, sensitive skin repair and alopecia treatment, and discusses their synergistic mechanisms in accelerating repair, controlling inflammation and increasing collagen deposition. It is expected to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the optimization of related treatment plans and clinical applications in the field of cosmetic dermatology.