In recent years, post-cosmetic surgery anxiety and depression (PCSAD), as a special type of adjustment disorder, has attracted extensive clinical attention. As a common psychological complication after surgery, PCSAD is characterized by bipolar emotional fluctuations, which is particularly significant in patients undergoing facial plastic surgery and breast reconstruction. If these psychological issues are left unaddressed, they will increase the risk of moderate or severe depression. Based on the clinically published literature, this article elaborates on the mechanism and clinical intervention strategies of PCSAD, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for in-depth discussion by clinical scholars.