Objective To analyze the effect of semiconductor laser therapy (SLT) on periodontal health and oral aesthetic effect in patients with periodontal disease. Methods A total of 98 patients with periodontal disease who visited our hospital from August 2022 to November 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the experimental group according to different treatment methods, with 49 patients in each group. The control group was given basic periodontal therapy, and the experimental group was given semiconductor laser therapy on the basis of the control group. The periodontal health status, oral aesthetic effect and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results At 3 and 6 months after treatment, the GI, PD, CAL, tooth mobility, SBI score and comprehensive score in the experimental group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). At 3 and 6 months after treatment, the gingival color score, gingival morphology score, tooth appearance score, and oral aesthetic effect total score in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). At 3 and 6 months after treatment, the quality of life scores in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Semiconductor laser-assisted basic periodontal therapy for periodontal disease can improve periodontal health status, thereby effectively enhancing oral aesthetic effect and quality of life, which is worthy of clinical application.