Objective To explore the effect of oral implant restoration on aesthetic effect and masticatory function in patients with dentition defect. Methods A total of 40 patients with dentition defect admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Jiangyin Stomatological Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 20 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional fixed denture restoration, and the observation group was treated with oral implant restoration. The aesthetic effect, masticatory function, complications and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The VAS scores of tooth appearance, gingival morphology and color coordination in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The percentage of food residue sieving in the observation group after restoration was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (5.00%) was lower than that in the control group (25.00%) (P <0.05). The satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Oral implant restoration has definite advantages in improving the aesthetic effects such as tooth appearance and gingival morphology in patients with dentition defect. At the same time, it can improve masticatory function and patient satisfaction, and reduce the r isk of complications.