Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with vitiligo and analyze the influencing factors of the lesion involvement area. Methods The clinical data of 161 patients with vitiligo diagnosed in the Dermatology Outpatient Department of our hospital from January 2023 to May 2025 were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age of onset, family history, clinical type and lesion area. According to the size of lesion area, patients were divided into group A (smaller lesion area) and group B (larger lesion area). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of vitiligo lesion area. Results The average age of onset of the included patients was (27.84±13.30)years, and there was no significant difference in the age of onset between males and females (P>0.05). Positive family history accounted for 13.66%, and non-segmental type accounted for 73.91%. Univariate analysis showed that clinical type was correlated with lesion area (P<0.05), and multivariate Logistic regression analysis also suggested that clinical type (non-segmental type) was a risk factor for vitiligo lesion area (OR >1, P <0.05). Conclusion Vitiligo patients are mainly young and middle-aged, and non-segmental type is predominant. Clinical type is correlated with lesion area, and clinical attention should be paid to the value of typing characteristics in the evaluation of disease severity.