With the wide application of oral implant technology in the restoration of tooth loss, bone substitute materials, as key auxiliary materials for improving bone defects and supplementing bone volume, their biomechanical properties directly affect the quality of implant-bone interface osseointegration and the long-term effect of restoration. Moreover, biomechanical factors are also important guarantees for improving the long-term success rate of implant restoration. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the biomechanical characteristics of bone substitute materials is of great significance for optimizing clinical treatment plans. This paper reviews the research progress on the biomechanics of bone substitute materials in oral implant restoration, summarizes the mechanical properties of different types of bone substitute materials and their biomechanical performance in implant restoration, and discusses the key factors affecting their biomechanical effects, in order to provide theoretical reference for the selection and application of bone substitute materials in clinical practice.