Objective To explore the effect of orthodontics combined with prosthodontic treatment on improvement of masticatory function in patients with dentition defect complicated by dento-maxillofacial deformity. Methods A total of 80 patients with dentition defect complicated by dento-maxillofacial deformity admitted to Nankai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was given conventional prosthodontic treatment, and the observation group was combined with orthodontics treatment on the basis of the control group. The improvement of masticatory function, tooth sensitivity rate, pain degree and satisfaction with dental aesthetics were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of masticatory function improvement in the observation group (95.00%) was higher than that in the control group (70.00%) (P <0.05). The incidence of tooth sensitivity and VAS scores in the observation group at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after restoration were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The satisfaction with dental aesthetics in the observation group (95.00%) was higher than that in the control group (70.00%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The combination of orthodontics and prosthodontic treatment plan can effectively improve the masticatory function of patients with dentition defect complicated by dento-maxillofacial deformity, help to reduce the incidence of tooth sensitivity and alleviate pain degree, and achieve high patient satisfaction with dental aesthetics after restoration.