Objective To explore the effect of guided bone regeneration technique in patients with severe bone deficiency of maxillary central incisors (alveolar ridge width <3 mm). Methods A total of 60 patients with severe bone deficiency of maxillary central incisors admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Beijing Fengtai Hospital from May 2020 to April 2023 were selected, and they were divided into the control group (n =24, 42 affected teeth) and the observation group (n =36, 60 affected teeth) according to different repair methods. The control group was treated with conventional implant restoration, and the observation group was treated with guided bone regeneration technique. The implant success rate, peri-implant bone height, gingival recession rate and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The implant success rate of the two groups was 100.00% at 12 months after operation. There were no significant differences in bone height between the two groups immediately after operation and at 12 months after operation (P >0.05), but the change value of bone height in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of gingival recession in the observation group at 12 months after operation was 1.67%, which was lower than 7.14% in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). The satisfaction rate in the observation group was 94.44%, which was higher than 75.00% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The effect of guided bone regeneration technique in repairing severe bone deficiency of maxillary central incisors is better than that of conventional implant restoration. It can improve the implant success rate, maintain the stability of bone height more effectively, and help to reduce the incidence of gingival recession, which meets the aesthetic repair needs of patients.