Objective To analyze the restoration effect of light-curing resin in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth and its influence on success rate. Methods A total of 80 patients undergoing aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth admitted to Dongguan Wanjiang Hospital from January 2024 to January 2025 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional composite resin restoration, and the observation group was treated with light-curing resin restoration. The restoration effect, short-term and long-term success rates, and anterior teeth masticatory function were compared between the two groups. Results The restoration effect score of the observation group at 6 months after treatment was higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). The short-term success rate and long-term success rate of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). The masticatory efficiency and masticatory comfort score of the observation group at 6 months after treatment were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional composite resin restoration, the application of light-curing resin in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth can effectively improve the restoration effect, enhance the short-term and long-term success rates, and optimize the anterior teeth masticatory function, which is worth y of clinical application.