Objective To explore the effect of ultra-thin porcelain veneer minimally invasive restoration on dental aesthetics in patients with anterior tooth defect. Methods A total of 82 patients with anterior tooth defect admitted to Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into the control group (40 patients) and the study group (42 patients) by the random number table method. The control group received resin restoration, and the study group received ultra-thin porcelain veneer minimally invasive restoration. The aesthetic effects, dental aesthetics and periodontal indexes were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the intraoral and facial scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of position, shape, symmetry and color of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the PLI, PPD, CAL and PAI of the study group were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of ultra-thin porcelain veneer minimally invasive restoration in patients with anterior tooth defect can improve periodontal health, enhance dental aesthetics, and achieve good aesthetic effects.