Objective To analyze the effect of composite resin direct bonding teeth restoration technology in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 70 patients who underwent aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth in the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang from January 2022 to March 2024 were selected, and they were divided into group A and group B by the random number table method, with 35 patients in each group. Group A was treated with composite resin direct layered filling technology, and group B was treated with composite resin direct bonding teeth restoration technology. The teeth restoration effect, clinical efficacy, periodontal indexes and masticatory function were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of interdental space, incisal edge defect, microdontia, tooth discoloration/staining and tooth surface defect in group B were lower than those in group A (P <0.05). The excellent and good rate of treatment in group B (97.14%) was higher than that in group A (80.00%) (P <0.05). The plaque index and gingival index of group B after restoration were better than those of group A (P <0.05). The occlusal force and masticatory efficiency of group B after restoration were better than those of group A (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of composite resin direct bonding teeth restoration technology in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth has a good effect. It can improve the quality of teeth restoration and the excellent and good rate of treatment, effectively optimize periodontal indexes, and is beneficial to enhancing masticatory efficiency, which has definite clinical application value.