Objective To explore the effect of light-curing composite resin in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 120 patients in need of aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth who were treated in the Department of Stomatology, Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2020 to June 2025 were selected, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. The control group was treated with traditional all-ceramic crown restoration, and the observation group was treated with light-curing composite resin restoration. The aesthetic effect, periodontal indexes, treatment cost, number of diagnosis and treatment visits, and tooth preparation amount were compared between the two groups. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the scores of tooth shape and color between the two groups (P >0.05). The GI, SBI, PLI and PD of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). The treatment cost, number of diagnosis and treatment visits, and tooth preparation amount of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Light-curing composite resin and traditional all-ceramic crown have comparable aesthetic effects in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth, but light-curing composite resin has a better effect in improving periodontal indexes. It can also reduce the amount of tooth preparation, and has the advantages of minimal invasiveness, economy, efficiency and convenience. It conforms to the modern dental treatment concept and is worthy of clinical application.